{"id":10344,"date":"2026-09-26T23:09:57","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T03:09:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/morais.eti.br\/?p=10344"},"modified":"2026-09-26T23:09:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T03:09:57","slug":"docker-compose-swarm-kubernetes-guia-windows-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/morais.eti.br\/index.php\/2026\/09\/26\/docker-compose-swarm-kubernetes-guia-windows-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Docker, Docker Compose, Docker Swarm e Kubernetes: guia completo para Windows e Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Docker, Docker Compose, Docker Swarm e Kubernetes: guia completo para Windows e Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Docker, Docker Compose, Docker Swarm e Kubernetes<\/strong> fazem parte de um dos ecossistemas mais importantes da computa\u00e7\u00e3o moderna. Eles permitem empacotar aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, reproduzir ambientes, executar servi\u00e7os isolados, automatizar implanta\u00e7\u00f5es e administrar aplica\u00e7\u00f5es distribu\u00eddas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que \u00e9 um container?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Um container \u00e9 um ambiente isolado no qual uma aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser executada com suas depend\u00eancias. Containers normalmente s\u00e3o mais leves que m\u00e1quinas virtuais porque n\u00e3o precisam carregar um sistema operacional completo para cada aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2502              COMPUTADOR              \u2502\n\u2502  \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510   \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510    \u2502\n\u2502  \u2502 Container  \u2502   \u2502 Container  \u2502    \u2502\n\u2502  \u2502   Nginx    \u2502   \u2502 PostgreSQL \u2502    \u2502\n\u2502  \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518   \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518    \u2502\n\u2502             Docker Engine            \u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Docker<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Docker<\/strong> \u00e9 uma plataforma para desenvolver, distribuir e executar aplica\u00e7\u00f5es utilizando containers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker CLI \u2192 Docker API \u2192 Docker Daemon\n                         \u251c\u2500\u2500 Images\n                         \u251c\u2500\u2500 Containers\n                         \u251c\u2500\u2500 Networks\n                         \u2514\u2500\u2500 Volumes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Imagens<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Uma imagem Docker \u00e9 um modelo somente leitura utilizado para criar containers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
docker search nginx\ndocker pull nginx\ndocker images\ndocker run nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Containers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
docker run -d --name meu-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx\ndocker ps\ndocker logs meu-nginx\ndocker stop meu-nginx\ndocker start meu-nginx\ndocker rm meu-nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Depois do comando, acesse http:\/\/localhost:8080<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dockerfile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Para criar uma imagem pr\u00f3pria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FROM nginx:alpine\nCOPY .\/site \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
docker build -t meu-site:1.0 .\ndocker run -d -p 8080:80 meu-site:1.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Registry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Um registry armazena imagens para distribui\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
docker login\ndocker push usuario\/minha-aplicacao:1.0\ndocker pull usuario\/minha-aplicacao:1.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Volumes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Para dados persistentes, utilize volumes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
docker volume create dados-postgres\ndocker volume ls\ndocker run -v dados-postgres:\/var\/lib\/postgresql\/data postgres<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Redes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
docker network create minha-rede\ndocker run -d --name banco --network minha-rede postgres\ndocker run -d --name api --network minha-rede minha-api<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Docker Compose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Docker Compose<\/strong> permite definir e executar aplica\u00e7\u00f5es compostas por m\u00faltiplos containers utilizando YAML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Crie compose.yaml<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
services:\n  web:\n    image: nginx:alpine\n    ports:\n      - \"8080:80\"\n  redis:\n    image: redis:alpine<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
docker compose up -d\ndocker compose ps\ndocker compose logs\ndocker compose down<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
API + PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
services:\n  api:\n    build: .\/api\n    ports:\n      - \"8000:8000\"\n    environment:\n      DATABASE_URL: postgresql:\/\/app:senha@db:5432\/app\n    depends_on:\n      - db\n  db:\n    image: postgres:17\n    environment:\n      POSTGRES_DB: app\n      POSTGRES_USER: app\n      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: senha\n    volumes:\n      - postgres_data:\/var\/lib\/postgresql\/data\nvolumes:\n  postgres_data:<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Dentro da rede criada pelo Compose, db<\/code> \u00e9 o nome do servi\u00e7o e pode ser utilizado como hostname.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker Swarm<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
O Docker Swarm Mode<\/strong> \u00e9 o mecanismo integrado ao Docker Engine para administrar um cluster de Docker Engines. Managers participam do controle do cluster e Workers executam tarefas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
docker swarm init\ndocker node ls<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Nos demais n\u00f3s, utilize o comando docker swarm join<\/code> mostrado pelo manager.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
docker service create --name web --publish 8080:80 --replicas 3 nginx\ndocker service ls\ndocker service ps web\ndocker service scale web=5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes<\/strong>, ou K8s, \u00e9 uma plataforma open source para gerenciar workloads e servi\u00e7os containerizados. Seu modelo \u00e9 declarativo: voc\u00ea descreve o estado desejado e o Kubernetes trabalha para mant\u00ea-lo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                 Control Plane\n        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        \u2502 API Server                \u2502\n        \u2502 etcd                      \u2502\n        \u2502 scheduler                 \u2502\n        \u2502 controller-manager        \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                      \u2502\n          \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        Node        Node        Node\n          \u2502           \u2502           \u2502\n        Pods        Pods        Pods<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pod<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Pod \u00e9 a menor unidade implant\u00e1vel do Kubernetes e pode conter um ou mais containers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deployment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
apiVersion: apps\/v1\nkind: Deployment\nmetadata:\n  name: nginx\nspec:\n  replicas: 3\n  selector:\n    matchLabels:\n      app: nginx\n  template:\n    metadata:\n      labels:\n        app: nginx\n    spec:\n      containers:\n        - name: nginx\n          image: nginx:alpine\n          ports:\n            - containerPort: 80<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml\nkubectl get deployments\nkubectl get pods<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Service<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
apiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n  name: nginx\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: nginx\n  ports:\n    - port: 80\n      targetPort: 80<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
kubectl apply -f service.yaml\nkubectl get services<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
kubectl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
kubectl get nodes\nkubectl get pods\nkubectl get services\nkubectl describe pod NOME\nkubectl logs NOME\nkubectl apply -f arquivo.yaml\nkubectl delete -f arquivo.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Compara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Tecnologia<\/th>Escopo<\/th>Principal finalidade<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Docker<\/td>Container<\/td>Criar e executar aplica\u00e7\u00f5es isoladas<\/td><\/tr>
Docker Compose<\/td>Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Executar m\u00faltiplos containers<\/td><\/tr>
Docker Swarm<\/td>Cluster Docker<\/td>Orquestrar servi\u00e7os Docker<\/td><\/tr>
Kubernetes<\/td>Cluster<\/td>Gerenciar workloads containerizados<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Tutorial: Docker no Windows<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Uma maneira simples de come\u00e7ar no Windows \u00e9 utilizar Docker Desktop com WSL 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
WSL 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
wsl --install\nwsl --update\nwsl --version<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Docker Desktop<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Instale o Docker Desktop e utilize a integra\u00e7\u00e3o com WSL 2 quando dispon\u00edvel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
docker version\ndocker run hello-world<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Primeiro container<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
docker run -d --name nginx -p 8080:80 nginx\ndocker ps\ndocker stop nginx\ndocker rm nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Acesse http:\/\/localhost:8080<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Compose no Windows<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
mkdir docker-demo\ncd docker-demo\ndocker compose up -d\ndocker compose ps\ndocker compose down<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes no Windows<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Para aprendizado, op\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e1ticas incluem Kubernetes integrado ao Docker Desktop, Minikube e kind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kubectl version --client\nkubectl get nodes\nminikube start\nminikube status<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tutorial: Docker no Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
No Linux podemos instalar diretamente o Docker Engine. O exemplo abaixo utiliza Ubuntu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Remover vers\u00f5es conflitantes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt remove docker.io docker-compose docker-compose-v2 docker-doc docker-buildx podman-docker containerd runc<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Configurar reposit\u00f3rio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt update\nsudo apt install ca-certificates curl\nsudo install -m 0755 -d \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\nsudo curl -fsSL https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/ubuntu\/gpg -o \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.asc\nsudo chmod a+r \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.asc\nsudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Em uma instala\u00e7\u00e3o oficial pelo reposit\u00f3rio Docker, configure o arquivo de reposit\u00f3rio seguindo a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o da sua vers\u00e3o do Ubuntu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Instalar Docker Engine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin\nsudo systemctl status docker\nsudo systemctl start docker\nsudo docker run hello-world<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Executar sem sudo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Depois encerre a sess\u00e3o e entre novamente. O grupo docker<\/code> concede privil\u00e9gios elevados sobre o daemon Docker e deve ser usado conscientemente em servidores compartilhados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Compose no Linux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
docker compose version\ndocker compose up -d\ndocker compose ps\ndocker compose down<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Docker Swarm no Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
docker swarm init\ndocker node ls\ndocker service create --name web --publish 8080:80 --replicas 3 nginx\ndocker service ls\ndocker service ps web<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kubernetes no Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Para aprendizado, Minikube \u00e9 uma op\u00e7\u00e3o simples e kind \u00e9 outra alternativa para clusters locais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
minikube start\nkubectl get nodes\nkind create cluster\nkubectl get nodes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Deploy Kubernetes completo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
apiVersion: apps\/v1\nkind: Deployment\nmetadata:\n  name: web\nspec:\n  replicas: 3\n  selector:\n    matchLabels:\n      app: web\n  template:\n    metadata:\n      labels:\n        app: web\n    spec:\n      containers:\n        - name: web\n          image: nginx:alpine\n          ports:\n            - containerPort: 80\n---\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n  name: web\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: web\n  ports:\n    - port: 80\n      targetPort: 80<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
kubectl apply -f app.yaml\nkubectl get pods\nkubectl get service\nkubectl scale deployment web --replicas=5\nkubectl rollout status deployment\/web\nkubectl rollout history deployment\/web\nkubectl rollout undo deployment\/web<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
No Minikube, uma forma simples de acesso \u00e9 minikube service web<\/code>. Outra op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 kubectl port-forward service\/web 8080:80<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker n\u00e3o \u00e9 Kubernetes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Docker \u00e9 principalmente uma plataforma de containers. Kubernetes \u00e9 uma plataforma de gerenciamento de workloads containerizados em clusters. Kubernetes n\u00e3o depende exclusivamente do Docker Engine como runtime; ele utiliza um runtime de containers compat\u00edvel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quando utilizar cada tecnologia?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n